Umuringa (Cu)
Iyo umuringa (Cu) ushonga muri aluminiyumu, imiterere yubukanishi iratera imbere kandi imikorere yo gukata iba nziza.Nyamara, kurwanya ruswa biragabanuka kandi guturika bishyushye bikunze kubaho.Umuringa (Cu) nkumwanda ufite ingaruka zimwe.
Imbaraga nubukomezi byumusemburo birashobora kwiyongera cyane hamwe numuringa (Cu) urenga 1.25%.Nyamara, imvura ya Al-Cu itera kugabanuka mugihe cyo gupfa, hagakurikiraho kwaguka, bigatuma ubunini bwa casting budahagarara.
Magnesium (Mg)
Umubare muto wa magnesium (Mg) wongeyeho kugirango uhagarike ruswa.Iyo ibirimo bya magnesium (Mg) birenze agaciro kagenwe, amazi arangirika, kandi ubushyuhe bwumuriro nimbaraga zigabanuka.
Silicon (Si)
Silicon (Si) ningingo nyamukuru yo kuzamura amazi.Amazi meza arashobora kugerwaho kuva eutectic kugeza hypereutectic.Nyamara, silikoni (Si) itondagura ikunda gukora ingingo zikomeye, bigatuma imikorere ikata nabi.Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe ntabwo byemewe kurenga ingingo ya eutectic.Byongeye kandi, silicon (Si) irashobora kuzamura imbaraga zingana, gukomera, kugabanya imikorere, nimbaraga mubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe bigabanya kuramba.
Magnesium (Mg) Aluminium-magnesium alloy ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.Kubwibyo, ADC5 na ADC6 nibishobora kwangirika kwangirika.Ikirangantego cyacyo ni kinini cyane, kuburyo gifite ubukana bushyushye, kandi gukina bikunda gucika, bigatuma gukina bigorana.Magnesium (Mg) nkumwanda mubikoresho bya AL-Cu-Si, Mg2Si bizatuma casting icika intege, kuburyo bisanzwe mubisanzwe biri muri 0.3%.
Icyuma (Fe) Nubwo icyuma (Fe) gishobora kongera cyane ubushyuhe bwa reincallisation ya zinc (Zn) kandi bigabanya umuvuduko wo kongera gukora, mugihe cyo gushonga bipfa, icyuma (Fe) kiva mumabuye yicyuma, imiyoboro ya gooseneck, nibikoresho byo gushonga, na ni gushonga muri zinc (Zn).Icyuma (Fe) gitwarwa na aluminium (Al) ni gito cyane, kandi iyo icyuma (Fe) kirenze urugero rwo gukemuka, kizahita koroha nka FeAl3.Inenge zatewe na Fe ahanini zitanga slag kandi zireremba nkibintu bya FeAl3.Gukina biba byoroshye, kandi imashini ikangirika.Amazi ya fer agira ingaruka kumiterere yubutaka.
Umwanda wicyuma (Fe) uzabyara urushinge rumeze nka kristu ya FeAl3.Kubera ko gupfa-gukonjeshwa bikonje vuba, kristu yaguye ni nziza cyane kandi ntishobora gufatwa nkibintu byangiza.Niba ibirimo bitarenze 0.7%, ntabwo byoroshye gusenyuka, kubwibyo ibyuma birimo 0.8-1.0% nibyiza kubipfa.Niba hari icyuma kinini (Fe), ibice byibyuma bizakorwa, bigire ingingo zikomeye.Byongeye kandi, mugihe ibyuma (Fe) birenze 1,2%, bizagabanya umuvuduko wamazi, byangiza ubwiza bwa casting, kandi bigabanye ubuzima bwibigize ibyuma mubikoresho bipfa.
Nickel (Ni) Kimwe n'umuringa (Cu), hariho imyumvire yo kongera imbaraga zikomeye no gukomera, kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye mukurwanya ruswa.Rimwe na rimwe, nikel (Ni) yongerwaho kugirango yongere imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe, ariko igira ingaruka mbi mukurwanya ruswa hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.
Manganese (Mn) Irashobora kuzamura imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa alloys irimo umuringa (Cu) na silicon (Si).Niba irenze imipaka runaka, biroroshye kubyara Al-Si-Fe-P + o {T * T f; X Mn ibice bine, bishobora gukora byoroshye ingingo zikomeye kandi bikagabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro.Manganese (Mn) irashobora gukumira uburyo bwo kongera gutunganya ibinini bya aluminiyumu, kongera ubushyuhe bwa rerystallisation, no gutunganya neza ingano.Kunonosora ibinyampeke byongeye guterwa ahanini ningaruka zibangamira uduce duto twa MnAl6 ku mikurire yikinyampeke.Ikindi gikorwa cya MnAl6 ni ugushonga icyuma cyanduye (Fe) kugirango kibe (Fe, Mn) Al6 no kugabanya ingaruka mbi zicyuma.Manganese (Mn) nikintu cyingenzi cya aluminiyumu kandi irashobora kongerwamo nkibintu byombi bya Al-Mn binini cyangwa hamwe nibindi bintu bivanga.Kubwibyo, amavuta menshi ya aluminiyumu arimo manganese (Mn).
Zinc (Zn)
Niba zinc idahwitse (Zn) ihari, izerekana ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Ariko, iyo ihujwe na mercure (Hg) kugirango ikore amavuta akomeye ya HgZn2, itanga ingaruka zikomeye.JIS iteganya ko ibikubiye muri zinc zanduye (Zn) bigomba kuba munsi ya 1.0%, mugihe amahame y’amahanga ashobora kwemerera kugera kuri 3%.Iki kiganiro ntabwo kivuga kuri zinc (Zn) nkigice kivanze ahubwo ni uruhare rwacyo nkumwanda ukunda gutera amakimbirane muri casting.
Chromium (Cr)
Chromium (Cr) ikora ibice byuzuzanya nka (CrFe) Al7 na (CrMn) Al12 muri aluminium, bikabuza nucleaux no gukura kwa recrystallisation kandi bitanga ingaruka zikomeye kuri alloy.Irashobora kandi kunoza ubukana bwumuti no kugabanya ihungabana ryangirika.Ariko, irashobora kongera ibyiyumvo byo kuzimya.
Titanium (Ti)
Ndetse na titanium nkeya (Ti) muri alloy irashobora kunoza imiterere yubukanishi, ariko irashobora no kugabanya amashanyarazi.Ibintu byingenzi bigize titanium (Ti) muri serie ya Al-Ti ivanze kugirango imvura igwe ni 0.15%, kandi kuboneka kwayo birashobora kugabanuka hiyongereyeho boron.
Isonga (Pb), Tin (Sn), na Cadmium (Cd)
Kalisiyumu (Ca), isasu (Pb), amabati (Sn), nibindi byanduye bishobora kubaho muri aluminiyumu.Kubera ko ibyo bintu bifite ingingo zitandukanye zo gushonga hamwe nuburyo butandukanye, bigira ibice bitandukanye hamwe na aluminium (Al), bikavamo ingaruka zitandukanye kumiterere ya aluminiyumu.Kalisiyumu (Ca) ifite imbaraga nke cyane zo gukomera muri aluminiyumu kandi ikora CaAl4 ivanze na aluminium (Al), ishobora kunoza imikorere yo guca aluminiyumu.Isasu (Pb) na tin (Sn) ni ibyuma-bishonga-byuma-bifite imbaraga nke zidashobora gukomera muri aluminium (Al), bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zivanze ariko bikanoza imikorere yo guca.
Kongera ibiyobora (Pb) birashobora kugabanya ubukana bwa zinc (Zn) no kongera imbaraga zayo.Ariko, niba hari isasu (Pb), amabati (Sn), cyangwa kadmium (Cd) irenze umubare wagenwe muri aluminium: zinc alloy, ruswa ishobora kubaho.Iyi ruswa ntishobora kubaho, ibaho nyuma yigihe runaka, kandi igaragara cyane munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nubushyuhe bwinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-09-2023